Нові горизонти права: від електронної юрисдикції до модельного кримінального кодексу Метавсесвіту
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37750/2616-6798.2024.2(49).306108Ключові слова:
Метавсесвіт, Metaverse, електронна юрисдикція Метавсесвіту, Модельний кримінальний кодекс Метавсесвіту, аватар, , електронна особистість, електронний гуманоїд, віртуальні об’єкти, кіберзлочинність, віртуальні злочиниАнотація
Науково-технічна революція 5.0 та технології Web 3.0 створюють умови реновації різних форм суспільних відносин із застосуванням технологій віртуальної та доповненої реальності Метавсесвіту (Metaverse). Згідно з запропонованою теорією правове регулювання суспільних відносин в Metaverse потребує розробки комплексної електронної юрисдикції на основі новітнього базового законодавства. Формування правового регулювання Metaverse − неодмінна умова необхідності створення електронної юрисдикції Metaverse, яка включатиме галузеві Кодекси Metaverse. Metaverse, як електронне суспільство майбутнього, ще не має чітких юридичних меж, і завдання науковців полягає у тому, щоб прогнозувати та окреслювати з достатньою впевненістю майбутні контури юридичних повноважень для віртуальних середовищ. Сьогодні дискусії в науковій спільноті щодо доцільності та необхідності правового регулювання Metaverse активно ведуться навколо кількох ключових питань. По-перше, виникає питання про те, яку правову базу слід застосовувати в Metaverse та як вирішити конфлікти між різними правовими системами. По-друге, тривають дискусії щодо того, чи мають теперішні регуляторні органи у фізичному світі здатність ефективно регулювати Metaverse за допомогою чинних законів і правил. По-третє, постає питання про те, як розглядати правопорушення, що відбуваються у віртуальному середовищі, та чи повинні вони регулюватися чинним деліктним, чи кримінальним законодавством, або ж необхідно створити окрему транскордонну електронну юрисдикцію для Metaverse. Регулювання соціальних відносин у межах Metaverse має зосереджуватися на одній центральній меті: чіткому визначенні статусу електронних сутностей, суб’єктів та об’єктів, встановленні їхніх прав, обов’язків та відповідальності, а також визначенні різних типів відносин між віртуальними сутностями, суб’єктами та об’єктами в межах конкретного Metaverse, а також між різними Metaverse в межах електронної юрисдикції та в транскордонному контексті. Одним з базових компонентів електронної юрисдикції Metaverse є Модельний Кримінальний кодекс Metaverse, який окреслить норми та правопорушення, застосовні до аналогових, змішаних та електронних юрисдикцій. Цей кодекс визначатиме види суспільно шкідливих дій чи злочинів, а також відповідні кримінальні покарання, які застосовуватимуться в межах Metaverse. Формування електронної юрисдикції Metaverse та розробка Модельного Кримінального кодексу Metaverse є актуальним науково-юридичним питанням.
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